Vestibular teeth position

This anomaly is characterized by the location of the tooth outside the dentition in the vestibule of the oral cavity. On the upper jaw, as a rule, above the dentition, on the lower jaw - below the dentition. Of the lateral teeth, the first premolars and second molars can have a vestibular position. Most often, canines are located on the vestibular side (because until they are completely erupted, they pass a long gap from the lower edge of the orbit, and on the lower jaw - from the floor of the oral cavity to the alveolar process).

Pic.1. Vestibular position of tooth 13.

Etiology, pathogenesis:

- heredity;

- harmful habits of sucking a thamb, pencil, pen or other objects;

- oral or mixed breathing, swallowing, speech, lip closure, leading to underdevelopment of the jaws;

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Рис.2. Вестибулярне положення забів 11 і 21, інфантильний тип ковтання.

- disproportionate of the teeth and jaw size;

- delayed physiological change of temporary teeth;

- trauma of the teeth, alveolar process, jaws;

- macrodentia (absolute or individual);

- presence of supernumerary tooth;

- violation of the tooth follicle formation;

- micrognathia of the jaw;

- mesial displacement of teeth surrounding anomalous tooth;

- premature removal of temporary teeth without preventive measures;

- narrowing and shortening of the dentition and apical base of varying degrees;

- mismatch of the width of the dentition and apical base.

Functional disorders:

- speech disorder;

- biting of food;

- impaired lip closure;

- periodontal tissue diseases (localized, generalized).

Aesthetic changes:

- visualization of an abnormally positioned tooth during talking and smiling.

Forms of anomaly:

- with space in the dentition;

Pic.2. Vestibular position of the upper front teeth with the presence of a gaps and diastema.

- without space in the dentition;

Pic.3.Vestibular position of the upper frontal teeth with lack of space.

- with concomitant anomalies of the dentition and bite;

- with compensated space deficiency of dentition;

Pic.4. Vestibular position of tooth 13.23.

- with decompensated or complete space deficiency of dentition.

Pic.5.Vestibular position of tooth 33 with complete space deficiency.

Examination methods:

1. Clinical.

2. Paraclinical.

X-ray:

- orthopantomography;

- computer tomography.

Biometric:

- dental examination by methods:

Tonn

Bolton

Pont and H. Linder, G. Hart

Korkhaus

Snagina

Little

Nance

Schwarz

Fuss

Schmuth

Facial photometry.

Reopardodontography.

Principles of treatment:

Preparatory period

- psychotherapeutic preparation;

- elimination of the risk factor (if it possible);

- elimination of the etiological factor (if it possible);

- sanitation of the oral cavity;

- checking the state of oral hygiene, if necessary - training;

- prosthetic preparation (according to indications);

- surgical preparation (according to indications).

Active period of orthodontic treatment in temporary and mixed dentition:

- functional methods of treatment (myogymnastics, massage, etc.);

- appliances method of treatment taking into account the clinical situation of the malocclusion (creation of space in the dental arch for an abnormally located tooth: expansion of the dentition, lengthening of the dentition, distalization of teeth, etc.);

- normalization of functions (aesthetic, speech, chewing);

- surgical treatment methods (serial sequential extraction of teeth by Hotz; extraction of individual teeth; extraction of supernumerary tooth, etc.);

- stripping.

Active period of orthodontic treatment in permanent dentition:

- appliances treatment method taking into account the clinical situation of the malocclusion (creation of space in the dental arch for an abnormally located tooth: expansion of the dentition, lengthening of the dentition, distalization of teeth, etc.);

- normalization of functions (aesthetic, speech, chewing).

- surgical treatment methods (extraction of individual teeth; supernumerary tooth, compact osteotomy, insert of orthodontic implants, etc.).

- stripping;

- prosthetic treatment;

- functional treatment methods (myogymnastics, massage, etc.);

- physiotherapeutic treatment methods: vacuum therapy, low-frequency therapeutic vibration, MRI-magnetic resonance reflexotherapy, electrophoresis, ultrasound, ultraphonophoresis, etc.

Retention period of orthodontic treatment

- preservation of the achieved result and prevention of relapse with the help of special equipment - retainers (fixed, removable);

- functional adaptation to the newly created occlusion;

- extraction of the rudiments of third molars (if necessary).