Introduction
From the moment of birth, a person
undergoes a continuous process of development of the bite against the background
of growth and development of the organism. The process of changes in the bite
proceeds depends on the laying, mineralization and eruption of temporary and
permanent teeth, the growth of the jaws, the formation of the facial and chewing
muscles functions. The development of the dento-maxillary system, as well as the
development of other organs, is influenced by two groups of factors: the
genotype (this factor aims to implement the program of development of the organ
laid down in it with the smallest possible number of deviations dependent on
external influences) and external factors - physiological and pathogenic, the
action of which is aimed at changes in the organ that grows in accordance with
external conditions. Almost always there is the action of several factors that
interact with each other and are thus connected into a single pathogenetic
chain, which leads to corresponding changes in the location of the teeth, the
formation of dental arches and bite.
The most common anomalies
encountered by the population of different ethnic groups are anomalies of tooth
eruption in the dentition. Their systematization was reflected in one of the
first classifications by Edward Engle.