Infraocclusion of teeth

Infraocclusion of teeth (syn. infraposition, infraanomaly of teeth) – displacement of teeth in the vertical direction. On the upper jaw, these are teeth that have protruded and dropped below the level of the occlusal plane. On the lower jaw, these are teeth that have not reached the occlusal plane, the cutting edges and cusps are below the occlusal plane.

Pic.12. Infraocclusion of the upper front teeth.

Etiology, pathogenesis:

- heredity;

- harmful habits of biting cheeks, lips;

- impaired breathing, speech, closing of lips, which leads to underdevelopment of the jaws;

- impaired formation of the tooth root or alveolar process;

- mismatch of the sizes of the teeth and jaw;

- delayed physiological change of temporary teeth;

- trauma of teeth, alveolar process, jaws;

- macrodentia (absolute or individual);

- presence of supernumerary tooth(s);

- disturbance of tooth(s) setting;

- micrognathia of the jaw;

- absence of an antagonist tooth;

- premature removal of temporary molars without preventive measures;

- narrowing and shortening of the dentition and apical base of varying degrees;

- discrepancy between the width of the dentition and apical base;

- disturbance of calcium-phosphorus metabolism;

- vitamin D deficiency.

Functional disorders:

- breathing;

- speech;

- chewing;

- impaired lip closure;

- chronic trauma to the mucous membrane of the lip;

- dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint;

- periodontal tissue diseases (localized, generalized).

Aesthetic changes:

- half-open mouth;

- visualization of an abnormally located tooth when talking and smiling;

- deep supramental fold;

- everted lower lip with tooth impressions on the mucous membrane.

Forms of anomaly:

- with space in the dentition;

Pic.13. Infraocclusion of the upper front teeth with lack of space.

- with concomitant anomalies of the dentition and bite;

- with compensated deficiency of space in the dentition;

Pic.14. Inocclusion of the upper front teeth.

- with decompensated or complete deficiency of space in the dentition.

Research methods:

1. Clinical.

2. Paraclinical.

X-ray:

- orthopantomography;

- computer tomography.

Biometric:

- dental examination by methods:

Tonn

Bolton

Pont and H. Linder, G. Hart

Korkhaus

Snagina

Little

Nance

Schwarz

Fuss

Schmuth

Facial photometry.

Reopardodontography.

Principles of treatment:

Preparatory period

- psychotherapeutic preparation;

- elimination of the risk factor (if possible);

- elimination of the etiological factor (if possible);

- sanitation of the oral cavity;

- checking the state of oral hygiene, if necessary - education;

- prosthetic preparation (according to indications);

- surgical preparation (according to indications).

Active period of orthodontic treatment in temporary and mixed occlusion:

- functional methods of treatment (myogymnastics, massage, etc.);

- appliances treatment method taking into account the clinical manifestation of the pathology (creation of space in the dental arch for an abnormally located tooth: expansion of the dentition, elongation of the dentition, distalization of the teeth, etc.);

- normalization of functions (aesthetic, speech, chewing);

- leveling of the height of the bite (if necessary);

- surgical treatment methods (serial sequential extraction of teeth according to Hotz; extraction of individual teeth; removal of supernumerary tooth(s), etc.);

- extrusion of teeth (with dentoalveolar shortening);

- stripping.

Active period of orthodontic treatment in permanent occlusion:

- appliances treatment method taking into account the clinical manifestation of the pathology (creation of space in the dental arch for an abnormally located tooth: expansion of the dentition, lengthening of the dentition, distalization of the teeth, etc.);

- normalization of functions (aesthetic, speech, chewing).

- surgical treatment methods (extraction of individual teeth; supernumerary tooth(s), compact osteotomy, insert of orthodontic implants, etc.).

- stripping;

- prosthetic treatment;

- tooth extrusion (with dentoalveolar shortening);

- functional treatment methods (myogymnastics, massage, etc.);

- physiotherapeutic treatment method: vacuum therapy, low-frequency therapeutic vibration, MRI-magnetic resonance reflexotherapy, ultraphonophoresis, ultrasound, electrophoresis, etc.

Retention period of orthodontic treatment:

- preservation of the achieved result and prevention of relapse with the help of special equipment - retainers (fixed, removable);

- functional adaptation to the newly created occlusion;

- extraction of the rudiments of third molars (if necessary).